FAQs

People from Azerbaijan go by the label of Azerbaijani. Among the population of the South Caucasus nation—the Republic of Azerbaijan—we find two meanings for the term Azerbaijani: it conveys the country's national identity and establishes the ethnic roots of its citizens who reside in or carry its citizenship. "Azerbaijani" vs. "Azeri" – Are They the same? While “Azerbaijani” is the formal and official term, the word “Azeri” is often used informally or colloquially to describe the ethnic group known as Azerbaijani Turks. Both terms are widely accepted in English usage, though "Azerbaijani" is preferred in diplomatic, academic, and official contexts. Azerbaijani: The official term for citizens of Azerbaijan, regardless of their ethnic origin. Azeri: Commonly used in media and conversation to describe ethnic Azerbaijanis, especially in a cultural or linguistic context. Ethnic composition and identity Ethnic Azerbaijanis are primarily of Turkic (Oghuz) origin and commonly referred to as Azerbaijani Turks. They form the overwhelming majority of the population in the Republic of Azerbaijan and share close linguistic and cultural ties with other Oghuz-speaking peoples such as Turks and Turkmens. As a member of the Oghuz Turkic family the Azerbaijani language shares a close linguistic bond with Turkish and Turkmen. However, Azerbaijan is a multiethnic country, and the term "Azerbaijani" is inclusive, officially encompassing all ethnic groups who are citizens of the country. These groups include: Lezgins Talysh Russians Kurds Armenians (in small numbers) Jews (Mountain Jews and Ashkenazi communities) Tat people Others Thus, anyone who holds Azerbaijani nationality—regardless of their ethnicity—is officially referred to as an Azerbaijani. Language and cultural identity The majority of Azerbaijanis communicate through Azeri also known as Azerbaijani a language that adopted the Latin writing system after shedding Arabic and Cyrillic in past centuries. Azerbaijani functions as the national language but residents understand Russian more commonly in cities and schools across the country teach English as a second language. Throughout history Azerbaijani identity has developed from Turkic heritage blended with Islamic traditions (primarily Shia Islam) and Caucasian cultural elements. Azerbaijan’s diverse governance under Persian, Russian, and Ottoman empires has established intricate multiple layers of national pride in the country. Diaspora and regional context Ethnic Azerbaijanis are not only found within the Republic of Azerbaijan. Large Azerbaijani populations also live in: Iran – Particularly in the northwest, where over 15–20 million Iranian Azerbaijanis (also known as South Azerbaijanis) reside. They are culturally and linguistically related to those in the Republic of Azerbaijan, but they are Iranian citizens with distinct national experiences, shaped by the political and social structures of Iran. Russia Georgia Turkey United States and Europe – Smaller diaspora communities Despite geographic differences, members of the Azerbaijani diaspora often identify strongly with their cultural roots, language, and traditions. In conclusion, the correct term to refer to someone from Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani. This term encompasses citizenship, ethnicity, and linguistic identity. While the word “Azeri” is also commonly used, especially to describe the ethnic majority, “Azerbaijani” is the preferred and inclusive designation for all individuals connected to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The most convenient method for Azerbaijan travel depends on personal preferences and planned destinations since buses trains taxis along with domestic flights provide the best flexibility. The Baku capital city becomes best explored using the metro system because it combines efficient transportation with affordability and useful traffic avoidance. The urban population in Azerbaijan relies on taxi services and ride-hailing apps—while both Bolt and Uber are present, Bolt is the dominant ride-hailing app used in Baku and other cities, offering more availability and lower fares in most areas. A reliable and budget-friendly long-distance bus system connects major cities such as Ganja, Sheki, Lankaran, and Shamakhi. The tourist routes are accessible through these regular buses which provide a comfortable journey experience. Travelers can opt for the train network, which includes sleeper trains between Baku and destinations such as Ganja and Tbilisi (Georgia). However, long-distance train services may not operate daily or year-round, so advance planning and schedule confirmation are recommended. Travel time remains lengthier than buses but shared taxi rides deliver original regional experiences to passengers. Shared taxis with private driver services prove most suitable for the transportation needs in remote mountain locations such as Quba and Khinaliq. Outside urban centers, public transport is limited, and hiring a local driver or joining a tour is often necessary to reach villages, mountain passes, or heritage sites. The Baku-Nakhchivan route becomes more practical when travelers use domestic flights as their transportation method. The combination of city buses and trains for intercity travel together with taxi options for remote locations stands as the best method to visit Azerbaijan.

Trav‌elers frequ‌ently choo‌se to driv‌e between Tbili‌si, Georgi‌a, and Baku, Azerbai‌jan. This land rout‌e is a popular means of travel betw‌een the two countrie‌s. The route spans approx‌imate‌ly 580 to 600 kilome‌ters. Driving time typic‌ally takes 8 to 10 hours. However, this dura‌tion may be impact‌ed by traf‌fic and border cross‌ing proced‌ures.‌ Not all car rental agencies in Georgia allow cross-border travel to Azerbaijan. Confirm border permissions and potential surcharges when booking. The Red Bridge border crossing known as Krasniy Most serves as the main crossing point for this route. The Red Bridge (Krasniy Most) border crossing provides 24-hour service. The Krasniy Most border crossing represents the official main connection between the two neighboring nations. The Georgian border process moves rapidly but the Azerbaijani entry may need 3 to 4 hours of waiting time especially when many people cross and during peak holiday seasons. It is advisable to cross the border between midnight and early morning to avoid long queues. Here are some important tips for a smooth trip. A valid visa for Azerbaijan. Visitors have to acquire their electronic visas before travel through an online process. Original car rental documentation (if applicable). The required documents should be written either in English or Russian. Travelers using rental cars must ensure their rental agreement explicitly allows international border crossings into Azerbaijan. Valid passport and identification documents: Travelers with Armenian entry or exit stamps, particularly those indicating travel to the Nagorno-Karabakh region, may be denied entry into Azerbaijan. It is strongly recommended to avoid any documentation that may imply a visit to disputed territories. The traveler must understand both Azerbaijani traffic laws and local speed regulations. Speed cameras are common throughout the region, so it’s important to follow local speed limits. Travelers should rest at their discretion although it is advisable to do so. Recommended stopovers include Tovuz, Ganja, and Goranboy, where travelers can sample local dishes like qaymaq in traditional roadside eateries. However, accommodation and dining standards may vary, so it’s advisable to plan your rest stops in advance, especially if you expect international-level services or English-speaking staff. A major highway connects Gazakh to Baku in a way that is easy to follow through proper markings. A GPS app is highly recommended, though it should not replace proper planning and documentation. During the trip from Tbilisi to Baku travelers can both drink in the beautiful environment and encounter regional traditions. Checking borders successfully requires preparation together with documenting all required paperwork.

Yes, independent travel is accessible to tourists in Azerbaijan because car rentals present numerous options throughout the country. Travelers can reach all scenic regions of the Caucasus Mountain range while exploring any destination further than Baku including Sheki and Gabala and Ganja. The main cities of Baku along with the Heydar Aliyev International Airport both operate rental services. The local and international rental agencies which include Avis, Hertz, and Europcar give clients a choice of driving compact cars or SUVs. Drivers need to provide their valid driver´s license along with a passport or identification document and a credit card used for both payment and security deposits. Some rental agencies may accept a domestic driver’s license for short stays, but travelers must present a valid driver’s license, and an International Driving Permit (IDP) is strongly recommended — and often mandatory — especially for non-EU or non-English licenses. Company policies, state regulations, and age restrictions apply to most rental agencies when determining their driver eligibility standards. Young drivers who are under twenty-five need to expect additional payment for rental services. Make sure to confirm the type of insurance included in your rental. Basic packages usually offer third-party liability only, while comprehensive coverage (e.g., Collision Damage Waiver or full insurance) may require an upgrade and come with additional fees. Drivers can obtain basic economy car rentals costing 40-50 AZN daily that converts to about $25-30 USD per day. Traveling by car in Azerbaijan is considered secure for most drivers. The road conditions show differences throughout the country especially in rural zones. Those operating rental vehicles must obtain knowledge about local traffic regulations while maintaining adequate insurance at all times but should keep navigation apps on if exploring unknown territories. Using car rental services in Azerbaijan remains a practical method which brings affordability alongside perfect conditions to travel across the country beyond Baku while visiting local landmarks. Always check return policies, late fees, and security deposit amounts before signing the agreement. Late returns can result in extra charges, and many agencies require punctual drop-off times to avoid being charged for an additional day.

Visi‌tors will find diverse lodgi‌ng options thro‌ughou‌t Azerbaij‌an to suit ever‌y travel style and budget‌. Acco‌mmoda‌tion choic‌es range from upscal‌e hotels to mid-rang‌e boutique hote‌ls, and budget guesthou‌ses and hostels‌. Ba‌ku, Azerba‌ijan's most develope‌d city, boasts luxur‌y hotels from intern‌ation‌ally recog‌nized bran‌ds such as Hilt‌on, Marrio‌tt, Four Season‌s, and Fairmont. These hotel‌s offer premium amen‌ities‌, dining option‌s, and Caspian Sea views. High-end trav‌eller‌s and busi‌ness profe‌ssion‌als find these estab‌lishm‌ents well-‌suite‌d to their requirem‌ents.‌ In resort towns like Gabala and Naftalan, travelers can also find wellness resorts and spa hotels designed for relaxation or medical tourism. Gabala is known for its mountain retreats like Tufandag Mountain Resort, while Naftalan attracts visitors seeking therapeutic treatments with its unique Naftalan oil spas. Tra‌veler‌s seeking moder‌ate-p‌riced acco‌mmoda‌tions can choos‌e from three- or four-sta‌r hotels, or boutiqu‌e hotels. These esta‌blish‌ments prov‌ide modern faci‌litie‌s, afforda‌ble rates, and conve‌nient loca‌tions‌. Many offer breakfa‌sts and Wi-Fi. Visitors staying for extended periods in Baku often choose apartments or holiday rentals for added space and privacy. Travelers who book accommodations through Airbnb or Booking.com can access kitchens and washers and dryers in their units which suit families and groups. Budget travelers will locate hostels as well as guesthouses throughout Baku and other towns which provide essential amenities together with communal hostel environments. The hostels in Baku offer affordable accommodation rates and some locations provide private bedrooms. In certain historic towns such as Sheki, travelers can stay in converted caravanserais — traditional roadside inns from the Silk Road era. For example, the Sheki Karvansaray Hotel offers a unique cultural lodging experience within a historic architectural setting. While these guesthouses are known for their warmth and homemade hospitality, travelers should read reviews carefully when booking rural accommodations, as service quality can vary, particularly regarding facilities, language assistance, and internet access. Azerbaijan accommodates a wide spectrum of travelers, from luxury seekers to backpackers, across both urban and rural settings. The country provides different lodging options between urban areas and rural locations.

You’ll also find a variety of flight times throughout the day, making it convenient to choose a schedule that fits your itinerary. Morning, afternoon, and evening departures are available, especially from major carriers like Emirates and Azerbaijan Airlines. Flights are generally non-stop, but some cheaper or connecting routes might stop in cities like Doha, Istanbul, or Tbilisi, depending on the airline. These connecting flights can take between 5 to 10 hours, so make sure to check your flight duration when booking. Upon arrival in Baku, transport from the airport to the city is easy. You can take a taxi, airport shuttle, or use ride-hailing apps like Bolt. The journey from Heydar Aliyev International Airport (GYD) to downtown Baku takes about 25 to 30 minutes depending on traffic. For travelers interested in exploring beyond Baku, domestic flights and train services are available from Baku to cities like Ganja or Nakhchivan. Traveling between Dubai and Azerbaijan is popular for both business and tourism, and entry is made easy thanks to Azerbaijan's e-Visa system for many nationalities, including UAE residents. Don’t forget the time difference: Baku is usually one hour ahead of Dubai, so plan your meetings or connections accordingly. Overall, flying between Dubai and Azerbaijan is fast, affordable, and well-connected—making it an ideal weekend getaway or start of a longer Caucasus adventure.

The Kura River (also called the Kur River) is Azerba‌ijan's longest river and the long‌est in the Sout‌h Caucasus regi‌on. It's about 1,515 kilom‌eters long and flows thro‌ugh Turkey‌, Georgia, and Azerb‌aijan‌, ending in the Casp‌ian Sea. In Azerbai‌jan alone, the river trav‌els about 900 kilome‌ters and is importan‌t to the countr‌y's geogra‌phy, econo‌my, and the environm‌ent. Key facts abou‌t the Kura Rive‌r: Tota‌l length: about 1,515 km Length in Azerba‌ijan: abou‌t 900 km Sour‌ce: Northe‌aster‌n Turkey (Kars Plate‌au) End point‌: Caspian Sea Coun‌tries it flows throu‌gh: Turkey‌, Georgia, and Azerbaij‌an Major citi‌es along the river: Tbili‌si (Georgi‌a), Ganja and Sabira‌bad (Azerb‌aijan‌) Th‌e Kura River is very impo‌rtant‌. Farmi‌ng: Farmer‌s in centr‌al and eastern Azerb‌aijan use the river's water to irrig‌ate their crops‌. This is very impo‌rtant for agric‌ultur‌e. Power‌: Hydroele‌ctric plan‌ts along the river help provid‌e electric‌ity for Azerbai‌jan. ‌Water: Many towns and cities in Azerba‌ijan get their drink‌ing and industr‌ial water from the Kura River.‌ Wildlif‌e: The river and surround‌ing wetlan‌ds support many kind‌s of plants and animals‌. En‌viron‌menta‌l problems exis‌t. Althou‌gh the Kura River is Azer‌baija‌n's bigges‌t and most impo‌rtant rive‌r, there are issues. Poll‌ution‌, lower water levels‌, and sedi‌ment build‌-up are problem‌s. These probl‌ems come from how people use the river furthe‌r upstream and from clima‌te change.‌

Meal costs in Baku can suit a wide range of travel budgets, offering everything from delicious street food to luxurious fine dining experiences. The city’s food scene blends traditional Azerbaijani flavors with international cuisines, making it a culinary destination for every taste. Budget dining: Local eateries and casual cafés: Expect to pay around 7–12 AZN ($4–$7 USD) for a satisfying meal, especially in spots frequented by locals. These meals often include dishes like plov (pilaf), kebabs, lentil soup, and qutab (stuffed flatbreads). Street food and fast bites: Shawarma, pastries (like pakhlava or sambusa), and döner wraps are widely available for 2–5 AZN ($1–$3 USD). These are great for travelers on the go or budget-conscious backpackers. Mid-Range restaurants: At mid-tier establishments, meals typically cost 20–40 AZN ($12–$24 USD) per person, often including an appetizer, main course, and beverage. These places offer a comfortable ambiance, English menus, and a broader selection of both local and international dishes. Fine dining & international cuisine: Upscale restaurants and hotel dining experiences can range from 60 AZN ($35 USD) and up, depending on the location, service, and imported ingredients. Many fine dining venues are located in downtown Baku, especially near Flame Towers or along the Caspian Boulevard. Tips: Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory. A 5–10% tip is customary if service isn’t already included in the bill. Some restaurants include a service charge, so it’s wise to check your bill before tipping extra. Cash (AZN) is preferred in smaller venues, while most mid-range and upscale restaurants accept credit/debit cards. In summary, Baku caters to every type of traveler—from budget backpackers to luxury seekers—without compromising on flavor or hospitality. 

Baku is widely regarded as one of the safest cities to visit in the Caucasus region, and many international visitors consistently report a positive and secure experience during their stay. The city enjoys low violent crime rates, and the local population is known for being friendly, helpful, and respectful toward tourists. General safety: Petty theft and scams are relatively uncommon but can occur, particularly in crowded areas or when using unofficial taxis. It’s best to use ride-hailing apps like Bolt or Uber to avoid overcharging or misdirection. Tourist-heavy zones such as Icherisheher (Old City), Nizami Street, Baku Boulevard, and Fountain Square are well-lit, frequently patrolled by police, and busy even at night, making them safe for evening strolls. Areas to be cautious: Outskirts or industrial suburbs (e.g., parts of Binagadi or older docklands) are not dangerous but may lack lighting, signage, or tourist services. It’s best to avoid wandering alone in these areas, especially after dark. Drunk individuals or rowdy groups can occasionally be seen in public late at night, particularly near nightclubs. Use the same discretion you would in any major urban area. Law & order: Azerbaijan has strict laws, and public behavior is generally orderly. Police presence is visible and responsive in central areas, and tourist assistance points can be found in popular locations. In summary, Baku is safe, clean, and welcoming. As with travel anywhere, exercising common sense and basic precautions—such as safeguarding your belongings and avoiding isolated areas at night—will go a long way in ensuring a secure and enjoyable visit to this culturally rich and modern capital.

Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, is generally a safe and tourist-friendly city, with a vibrant nightlife, modern infrastructure, and a visible police presence in central areas. That said, like any growing metropolis, there are a few precautionary zones and behaviors that travelers should be aware of, especially when exploring outside the main tourist hubs. Areas requiring caution: Industrial and Peripheral Neighborhoods: Outlying districts such as Sabayil outskirts, certain parts of Binagadi, or older industrial zones in the suburbs may lack tourist infrastructure and proper lighting. These areas are not dangerous per se but can feel isolated, especially at night, and are not recommended for solo travelers or tourists unfamiliar with the area. Deserted Alleys and Poorly Lit Streets at Night: Even in relatively safe districts, it's best to avoid deserted alleyways, backstreets, or unlit paths late at night. This is especially true outside the city center or in unfamiliar neighborhoods. Unlicensed Taxis and Scams: Avoid accepting rides from unofficial taxis, particularly near transport hubs like train stations or late at night. Use registered ride-hailing apps such as Bolt or Uber, which are widely available in Baku and offer safer, trackable services. Safer alternatives: Tourist-heavy areas such as Icherisheher (Old City), Fountain Square, Nizami Street, Baku Boulevard, and Flame Towers promenade are well-lit, well-patrolled, and safe for walking, even after dark. These places also offer reliable public transport access and nearby police support if needed. In summary, Baku is one of the safer capitals in the region, but basic urban safety rules still apply. Stick to central areas, avoid unfamiliar neighborhoods after dark, and rely on verified transport services. Doing so will help ensure a smooth and enjoyable visit to this dynamic Caspian Sea city.