Explore Hirkan National Park: Nature, Wildlife & Beauty

Hirkan National Park in south-eastern Azerbaijan has been recognized by UNESCO for its extremely old Hyrcanian forests and many species of plants and animals. Notable for the Persian ironwood and Caucasian leopard, as well as its wonderful nature and varied trails, the park helps protect important ecosystems. Find out why nature lovers and eco-tourists should include Hirkan National Park on their travel list.

Experience Hirkan National Park

Introduction to Hirkan National Park

As of 2022, Hirkan National Park spans over 55,000 hectares after further expansions, reflecting its increased conservation importance following its UNESCO World Heritage designation in 2023. Founded in 2004 and enlarged in 2008, it safeguards what remains of the ancient Hyrcanian forest. About 90% of the park is filled with lush, subtropical deciduous forests which contain ironwood, chestnut oak and oriental beech trees. More than 150 kinds of trees and shrubs thrive here and many rare animals such as the Caucasian leopard, live in the region. Biodiversity in the region is greatly supported by the presence of Hirkan.

History of Hirkan National Park Azerbaijan

Hirkan National Park was officially formed by presidential decree on February 9, 2004. It began as the former Hirkan State Reserve, covering 29,760 hectares in the southeastern Lankaran and Astara districts.

By decree on April 23, 2008, the park’s size was increased by the president to 40,358 hectares. The main purpose behind setting up the national park was to save the ancient Hyrcanian forests, among the most ancient in all of the world.

A lot of plant and animal species found in the region are unique to this area and the rare Caucasian leopard is among them. As a result of its ecological value and importance for conservation, and in 2023, the Hyrcanian Forests—of which Hirkan is a part—were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The story behind Hirkan National Park

What to expect in Hirkan National Park

Discover the unique experiences Hirkan National Park offers with its pristine nature, rich biodiversity, and breathtaking landscapes.

Unique ecosystems

Out of all places in the world, Hirkan National Park protects the Hyrcanian Forests, one of the rarest and oldest types of forests. The forests have been here since the Tertiary period, making them part of Earth’s ecological past.

Because of its subtropical conditions, the park hosts a range of plants, among them more than 150 varieties of trees and shrubs. A number of them are endemic such as Persian ironwood, chestnut-leaved oak and Hyrcanian figs and pears.

When you go higher in elevation, you mostly see oriental beech and box trees. It is because of these many habitats that some rare species such as the endangered Caucasian leopard, exist.

Flora and fauna

Hirkan National Park is notable for its wide range of ancient and unique living species. The park defends the Hyrcanian Forest which is among the planet’s oldest forests and contains plant types from millions of years in the past.

Flora highlights:

• Over 150 species of trees and shrubs
• Deciduous trees like oak, hornbeam, and oriental beech
• Endemic species such as Persian ironwood, chestnut-leaved oak, Hyrcanian figs, and pears
• The majority of the park—over 90%—is forested, much of it in a natural or near-pristine state.

Fauna highlights:

• Rare and endangered Caucasian leopard
• Diverse birdlife including Eurasian eagle owl and black vulture
• Habitat for many mammals, reptiles, and amphibians unique to the region

This unique blend of subtropical lowlands and mountainous forests makes Hirkan National Park one of the most ecologically valuable protected areas in Azerbaijan. It is a haven for conservation and a paradise for wildlife and nature lovers.

Flora and fauna

Visitor activities

Hirkan National Park offers a wide range of activities for nature lovers, eco-tourists, and outdoor enthusiasts, all set in a pristine subtropical environment.

Popular activities include:

• Hiking trails are available in forested areas near Lankaran and Astara, offering views of forested hills and subtropical valleys.
• You can observe unique birds in their own environment, for example the Eurasian eagle owl and black vulture.
• Learn about many plants and medicinal herbs which are still used today in local alternative medicine.
• During certain months, you can learn to recognize the many types of mushrooms in the wild.
• Take part in led eco-tours organized by local people who can explain the park’s variety of animals and ongoing protection work.
• Nature photos: Catch the beautiful scenery, stunning old trees and occasionally an endangered Caucasian leopard.
• Visit small communities near your location to understand how they live sustainably and closely follow nature’s ways.

The park’s mild climate, rich biodiversity, and tranquil atmosphere make it a perfect destination for those seeking a peaceful and enriching nature retreat in Azerbaijan.

Things to do at Hirkan National Park

Best time to visit

The ideal time to visit Hirkan National Park is based on weather conditions, nature activity, and visitor preferences:

• Spring (April to June): Mild temperatures and blooming vegetation make it perfect for hiking, photography, and wildlife observation.
• Autumn (September to November): Enjoy cooler weather and stunning fall colors across the forest, ideal for scenic walks and birdwatching.
• Summer (July to August): Warm and humid; suitable for early morning hikes, though midday heat can be intense.
• Winter (December to February): Generally mild, but some trails may be less accessible due to rainfall or wet conditions.

Best season to explore

How to get there

Reaching Hirkan National Park is relatively straightforward, with several travel options available from major cities in Azerbaijan:

• From Baku: The most common route is from Baku to Lankaran by car, bus, or train. The journey takes approximately 4.5 to 5 hours by road (270 km). Trains and buses run regularly from Baku’s main terminals.
• By car: Driving is the most flexible option, allowing you to explore the park and nearby villages at your own pace. The M3 highway connects Baku to Lankaran.
• From Lankaran city: Hirkan National Park is about 10–15 km from Lankaran city center. You can hire a local taxi or arrange a private tour to reach the park entrance.
• Public transport: Public transportation to the park is limited, so private transport or tour services are recommended for convenience and better access to trails and viewpoints.

FAQs about Hirkan National Park

Here are some frequently asked questions about Hirkan National Park to help you plan your visit and make the most of your experience.

Are there visitor centers or facilities within the park?

The park’s protected status means it currently offers few services for visitors. Even though there are some basic signs informing guests and rangers, the park does not have fully formed visitor centers. As the park lacks developed visitor infrastructure, travelers should bring sufficient supplies including food, water, and suitable clothing.

Is camping allowed in the park?

Campers can only camp in areas of the park that have been approved by the management, to defend the park’s environment. It is important for visitors to seek park authorization early and strictly follow environmental rules. There isn’t very much on-site, so visitors are expected to prepare what they need and be careful to not damage the environment.

Are there opportunities for birdwatching?

Yes, birdwatching is best enjoyed in Hirkan National Park. The Eurasian eagle owl, black vulture and some rare or native birds are among those found in the park’s various habitats. Birdwatching is increasingly popular among visitors, especially during spring and autumn migration seasons.

In conclusion

Hirkan Park provides a glimpse into Azerbaijan’s nature, filled with different types of forests, wildlife and great places to explore. Whether you like hiking or birdwatching or exploring rare habitats, the park is a great place for nature fans. Applying for an Azerbaijan e-visa is simple for international visitors on the official website of Immigration Service before their visit to the national park.